Tariku ni siyako sɔrɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔw, minnu bɛ kunnafoniw di an ma, fɛn wɛrɛw cɛma, Sibiri jamanaw ka shamanw kan, olu ma ban fɔlɔ, wa u ma kalan kosɛbɛ. Ni kalan kɛra koɲuman, ani ni a mago bɛ a la, ni kanko baarakɛcogo ye, o fɛn suguw bɛ se ka kɛ kunnafoni sɔrɔyɔrɔ ye min ɲɔgɔn tɛ tiɲɛ na. Misali min bɛ yan, o ye Evenks ni Evens ka shamanw ka fɛnw ye, minnu lajɛra san kɛmɛ 18nan san 40nanw na J. I. Lindenau fɛ Okhotsk kɔgɔjida la - o sɛbɛnw tun bɛ sɔrɔ ɲininikɛlaw bolo bololasɛbɛnw kɔnɔ Alemaɲikan na, san 1983 u bɔra bamanankan na Irisikan na Nka, hali o kɔfɛ, u ma hakili ta fan fɛ laadalakow kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw hakili sama waati jan kɔnɔ[1]. J. I. Lindenau ye sɛbɛnni minnu sɛbɛn kan fɔlɔw la, olu kalanni koɲuman kɔfɛ, k’a ɲɛsin laadalakow kɛtuma na, Evenki laadalakow siginiden damadɔ minnu ɲɛsinnen bɛ laadalakow caman ma, olu bɔra Lindenau ka fɛnw na, ka fara shamanw ka laadalakow bɛɛ kan san the Even kan, min, kun dɔnbaliw kosɔn, sɛbɛnnikɛla y’a bila dakun na min ɲɛsinnen bɛ Udsk kasobon Tungus (Evenks) ɲɛfɔli ma. O laadalakow, ni mɔgɔ bɛ se ka jateminɛ kɛ cogo min na, o ye ɲininikɛlaw dɛmɛ ka shaman hakilimaw ka dɔnniyasɛbɛn sugu dɔ di, min tun bɛ o hakili ninnu ka sigiyɔrɔmako jira u jatebɔcogo la, wa a y’a to fana ka se ka kɛ sababu ye ka shaman bɛ se ka danfɛn minnu ka bon ni hadamadenw ta ye, olu la jumɛnw sigi sen kan ladɛrɛsi ni a bɛ laadalakow kɛ[2].
Nin baara in kun ye tariku ni siyako sɔrɔyɔrɔ ye min bɛ kunnafoni di Evenks kan ani ka ɲɛsin san 1789-1790 ma. Nin ye min bɛ wele ko "Tobolsk gofɛrɛnaman ɲɛfɔli"[3], o ye Siberi marabolo dɔ ɲɛfɔli dafalen ye. A labɛnna ka kɛɲɛ ni ɲininkalisɛbɛn sariyalen ye, "Ɲɛfɔli ..." bɛ ɲɛfɔli caman di mara in ka sigida cogoyaw ni a waati cogoyaw kan, a ka nafolomafɛnw n’a ka nafolomafɛnw, sigiyɔrɔw, ka fara jamanadenw ka siyako, u ka baara, u ka ɲɛnamaya ani u ka laadalakow kan ka nin waajulikɛyɔrɔ in ta. Ka ɲɛsin mara ma min bɛ "Tobolsk gofɛrɛnaman ɲɛfɔli" fɛ, a barokun ye "Ostyaks" (Khanty), "Samoyadi" (Nenets), "Tungus" (Evenks) ani Yakuts ye. Hali ni san 20 ɲɔgɔn tɛmɛna kabini "Ɲɛfɔli" bɔra, a ma siyako dɔnbagaw hakili sama fɔlɔ minnu bɛ Evenkiw ka hakilimaya laadalakow gɛlɛyaw ɲɛnabɔ. Ka fara nin bɔko in kan, sɔrɔyɔrɔ nafama fila wɛrɛ minnu bɛ Sibiri jamanaw ka siyako kan san kɛmɛ 18nan na, minnu bɔra san 1970-1980 waatiw la, olu ma jate, minnu ka di kosɛbɛ ka u ta i n’a fɔ fɛn minnu bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na walima minnu bɛ fara “Ɲɛfɔli” kunnafoniw kan Tobolsk gofɛrɛnaman ka ɲɛmɔgɔyaso la”. Nin "Ɲɛfɔli ..." in kɔnɔ, fɛnw bɛ yen minnu ɲɔgɔn tɛ tiɲɛ na ani kunnafoni nafamaw Evenkw ka nafolomafɛnw ni u ka hakilimaya laadalakow kan. Ka fara finiw, baara, denbaya ni furu sariyaw, ani diinɛ dannayakow jogo jɔnjɔnw kan, kunnafoni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bɛ Ɲɛfɔli kɔnɔ Evenk ka laadalakow fan dɔw kan. Misali la, fɛn wɛrɛw cɛma, Evenk ɲinini ɲɛfɔli caman bɛ a kɔnɔ [4].
An ka hakilijagabɔ teliya la, o ye "Tobolsk gofɛrɛnaman ɲɛfɔli" yɔrɔninw ye minnu ɲɛsinnen bɛ Evenk ka shamanism ma. Ka fara "Ɲɛfɔli ..." nafa kan min tɛ se ka sɔsɔ, n'o ye tiɲɛko sɔrɔyɔrɔ kura ye, min tun bɛ ɲini ka dɔn fɔlɔ, o sɔrɔyɔrɔ in nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ daɲɛgafebɔla ka kɔlɔsiliw sigicogo siratigɛ la. Kɔlɔsilikɛla dɔ min tun tɛ an dɔn, n’o ye ɲɛfɔli kɛ Evenkiw ka shamani laadalakow kan, o ma Evenki ka shamani fini cogoyaw jira an na dɔrɔn, shamanw ka laadalakow laɲiniw n’a yɔrɔ kolomaw. I n’a fɔ an bɛ se k’a jateminɛ cogo min na, nin « Ɲɛfɔli... » in sɛbɛnbaga, a tɛ i n’a fɔ a waati-taamakɛlaw ni ɲininikɛla caman, a sera ka Evenk ka shamanw ka laadalakow nafama caman faamuya kosɛbɛ . A hakili ma Bɔ o fɛn suguw la minnu bɛ Kɛ shaman ka walew la i n’a fɔ shaman ka tulonkɛ tulon sugu dɔ min bɛ tali Kɛ laadalakow kɛli ŋaniya la, nisɔndiya cogoya ladegecogo la, ani fana, i n’a fɔ mɔgɔ bɛ Se k’a Fɔ cogo min na, taamaʃyɛnw jiracogo danmadɔw diɲɛnatigɛ hakilinaw la minnu kɛra Evenki shaman fɛ laadalakow caman kɛli la.
« Ɲɛfɔli... » bɛ shamanw ka laadalakow ŋaniyaw ɲɛfɔ nin cogo in na, shaman ka finiw ani laadalakow kɛli : « Ni kovo dɔ bɔnɛna fɛn dɔ la, walima ni shaman dɔ y’a ye ko kovo dɔ bɛ ni saga ɲuman ye walima bagan sugu dɔ, o tuma na a bɛna mɔgɔw lajɛ, ka cakɛda don ni fɛn fitinin suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye ani ni badgew ye, sa kunkolo bɛ minnu kan, ka dunun gosi, ka boli tasuma kɛrɛfɛ, ka pɛrɛn ko goy, goy, ani minnu jɔlen bɛ olu fana bɛ pɛrɛn a la, o kɔfɛ, ni ɲɛkisɛw ye, a bɛ bin duguma, a bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ, a bɛ foyi bɔ sosiyete la, waati dɔ tɛmɛnen kɔfɛ a wulila, a bɛ a lamini lajɛ fan bɛɛ fɛ, a bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ cogo min na butto tun bɛ wuliba la, o kɔfɛ a bɛ wuli k’a fɔ yen mɔgɔw ye ko jinɛ bɛ na ni ( ɲininkali bɛ kɛ?) saraka sugu ni o ɲɔgɔnna, min bɛ di. Yan, tiɲɛ na, shamanw ka « cakɛda » fini ɲɛfɔli dafalen min bɛ ni nɛgɛfɛn caman ye, o nafa ka bon - a ka c’a la, i n’a fɔ a bɛ se ka jateminɛ cogo min na siyako nɔrɔlenw fɛ, o tun ye finiw ye minnu bɛ ni nɛgɛdagalanw ye ani fɛn minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ funteni, olu minnu ye sɔrɔla san kɛmɛ 19nan ni san kɛmɛ 20nan daminɛ finiw kan. Sa jaw (“sa kunkolow”) sɔrɔli shamanw ka finiw kan, o yɛrɛ ye ɲininkali ye kosɛbɛ, bawo sa batoli sɔrɔli Evenki shamanw na, o yɔrɔ ka jan. Kuma min nafa ka bon o cogo kelen na sɛbɛn kɔnɔ, o ye shaman yɛrɛ ka nafa ye, min ye nafolomafɛnw dɔrɔn ye, n’o ye ŋaniya walima kun ye ka laadalakow kɛ - hali n’a y’a sɔrɔ, a bɛ miiri ko o dɔrɔn tun tɛ laadalakow kɛli kunw ni kunw ye. A ka di kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, ka kɛɲɛ ni « Ɲɛfɔli ... » sɛbɛn ye, shaman ka nisɔndiya min bɛ shamanw taabolo la kɔlɔsilikɛla ɲɛ na, o bɛ kɛ miirili ye tiɲɛ na (“i n’a fɔ a tun bɛ fɛnba dɔ kɔnɔ frenzy“) ye.
Kɔrɔfɔli ani a daminɛko don n’i y’a suma ni sɔrɔyɔrɔ wɛrɛw ye, o ye Evenk ka shamani laadalakow jirali ye, min bɛ kɛ walasa ka muso dɛmɛ jiginni na: “Ni muso tɔɔrɔla waati jan kɔnɔ jiginni na, shaman bɛ jirisunba dɔ tigɛ, ka bere dɔ gosi a kɔnɔ, walasa doni ka ɲɛnabɔ joona, wa k'a sɔrɔ u ma dabila ka bɔ mɔgɔw la minnu bɛ shaman fɛ u bɛ mɛnni kɛ yuri la k'a fɔ ɲɔgɔn ye ko a bɛna bange joona walima ko a tɛna bange fɔlɔ. O kɔfɛ, wedge bɛ bugɔ ka caya walima ka dɔgɔya, wa shaman bɛ den tɔgɔ da min ye bange kɛ, nka a tun ye ko kura ye o denbaya kɔnɔ "[6]. A ka gɛlɛn ka sigasiga ko kɔlɔsibaga ma hinɛ majigi fɛnw kɔlɔsi in the actions of the shaman contemplated by him. essential to characterize shamanism is the indispensable presence of outside viewers — minnu bɛ baara filananw kɛ shaman waati la.O cogo la, mɔgɔ minnu bɛ yurt kɛrɛfɛ, olu bɛ baara kɛ o jɔyɔrɔ in na — u b’a fɔ shaman muso ka cogoya min bɛ jiginni na ani o cogo la, a tɛ a to shaman ka a ka maaɲɛ kɛcogo ladilan dɔrɔn ni stump ni wedge ye jiginni waati, nka u bɛ shaman ka fanga fanga bɛɛ kɔlɔsi ni u yɛrɛ ɲɛ ye, min bɛ jira laadalakow la.The kuma fɔlen min bɛ den bangenen dɔ tɔgɔ dali kan ni tɔgɔ ye ko « shtob tun ye mɔgɔ kura ye o denbaya kɔnɔ » o fana nafa ka bon hali bi, dankari bɛ den bangenen kuraw tɔgɔ la, u somɔgɔw kɔrɔbaw bɛ tɔgɔ minnu don, n’u bɛ yen hali bi e bɛ ɲɛnamaya la. Chukchiw, minnu ye laadala tɔgɔw mara fo san kɛmɛ 20nan san 30-40, den tɔgɔ dacogo wɛrɛw cɛma ni tɔgɔ ye, u ka laadalakow tun ye ka tɔgɔ di den bangenen kura ma min ye somɔgɔw dɔ tɔgɔ caman sɛmɛntiyalen ye, ni a tun bɛ balo la : ikomi Chukchi tɔgɔ caman ye daɲɛ faralen ye ɲɔgɔn kan, o tuma na mɔgɔ yɛrɛ tɔgɔ caman cili ma gɛlɛya lase. O laadalakow tolen dɔ ye Chukchi tɔgɔla tɔgɔw marali ye repertoire kɔnɔ minnu bɛ bɔ mɔgɔ tɔgɔw la, tɔgɔ caman minnu ju ye kelen ye, misali la, vykvyn 'kabakurun,' y'ttyn 'dog' k'ora-n "s ‘deer’, kele ‘hakili jugu’, ‘jinɛ’, wdfl, tɔgɔ tan ni caman tun bɛ se ka bɔ minnu na.K’a sɔrɔ shaman dɔ ye tɔgɔ di den bangenen kura ma, an bɛ se ka ta a ka laadalakow cogo la min bɛ balo la ka sigi sen kan ko somɔgɔw salenw la jumɛn seginna mɔgɔ ɲɛnamaw ka diɲɛ kɔnɔ nin den in cogo la, min bɔra Tungus jamanaw ka ɲɛnamaya kura hakilinaw la.
"Tobolsk gofɛrɛnaman ɲɛfɔli" yɔrɔ dɔ la, shamanw ka laadalakow damadɔ minnu bɛ kɛ ɲɔgɔn kɔ, olu ɲɛfɔli bɛ sɔrɔ minnu bɛ tali kɛ bana banakisɛ dɔ bɔli la. Nin yɔrɔ in filɛ nin ye : « Sani Chepogirey (Evenki jamu Chapogir - A.B.) ka se, mɔgɔ ba kelen tun bɛ yen, nka u caman sara wuluwulu fɛ nin ko in na. U dɔ taara ni a ye Yeniseisk dugu la Amanat fɛ san kelen kɔnɔ, o waati la, o tun ka kan ka kɛ k’a sababu kɛ yurukuyurukuw ye minnu tun bɛ kɛ tuma caman na. Ale min ye sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ sɔrɔ, a bolila ka taa a ka volost la, a ye bana sɔrɔ o yɔrɔ la. O waati kelen na, shaman nɔɔrɔma dɔ tun bɛ yen min y’a ka layidu ta k’a balimakɛ kisi sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ juguya ma. A ye dingɛ dɔ Sɔgɔ jiri dɔ la min ka bon kosɛbɛ walasa mɔgɔ ka Se ka 'sèn Bɔ a la, o min bɛ 'sèn Bɔ a la, o kɔ fɛ, shaman bɛ dingɛ in Da o miniti in na walasa sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ ka To jiri fan dɔ fɛ, wa o cogo la, a bɛ sigasiga k'a To taa ɲɔgɔn kɔ. O kɔfɛ, a y’a daminɛ ka shamanize kɛ, k’a ɲɛsin bɛɛ ma, a y’a fɔ ko cogo si tɛ yen k’a yɛrɛ hɔrɔnya, an bɛɛ bɛna tunun, nka a ye yamaruya di fana ka bɔgɔdaga dɔ dilan ni kɔnɔna bɔgɔdaga ye ka tɛmɛ ani ka tɛmɛ, walasa a mɔgɔ tun bɛ se ka wuluwulu ka tɛmɛ, wa a tun bɛ laadalakow kɛ i n’a fɔ jiri, nka hali o tun tɛ dɛmɛ . Shaman girinna ka don Podkamennaya Tunguska baji la, a kɔfɛ dɔw, dɔw bɛ sagaw kan, ka jigin, i n’a fɔ musow, u kɔnɔbara sara yɔrɔ min na ji teliya fɛ, dɔw fana ma se ka bɔ farakurunw na, hali ni o yɔrɔ la baji tun man bon . Minnu bɔra ka to bajida la, mɔgɔ damadɔw bolila ka taa a fɛ, u kisira o cogo la.
Siga t’a la, kɔlɔsilikɛla min ye shaman ka cɛsiriw maana fɔ ka bɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ la, hakilina ni taamaʃyɛn hakilina minnu tun bɛ shaman bilasira a ka baara la, olu kɛra fɛn ye min jɛlen don. Nin yɔrɔ in bɛ a ɲɛfɔ tuma bɛɛ cogo min na shaman dɔ, n’a b’a ɲini k’a somɔgɔw kisi bana dɔ ma min bɛ mɔgɔw minɛ, o ye laadalakow kɛ ka se sɔrɔ balilan dɔ kan siɲɛ saba ka tugu ɲɔgɔn na, min dabɔra walima min sugandira walasa ka taa yɔrɔ wɛrɛ la, bana tɛ se ka min sɔrɔ. Siɲɛ fɔlɔ a kɛra jiri ye min dingɛ dɔ kɛra a jiribolo la - o ye fɛn-fɛn-balili ni fɛn-fɛɛrɛ dɔ faralen ɲɔgɔn kan sugu dɔ ye barikalan kɔnɔ, siɲɛ filanan - kulu dilannen ni bɔgɔdaga ye, walima barikalan dilannen pewu , a siɲɛ sabanan ka se sɔrɔ gɛlɛya dɔ fɛ yɔrɔw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ yɔrɔ kɛra dugukoloko fɛn ye min bɛ bɔ a yɛrɛ la pewu - baji. Baarakɛcogo taamaʃyɛn nafa min bɛ tɛmɛ barika la laada la min bɛ kɛ shaman fɛ, o jɛlen don kosɛbɛ nin sɔrɔyɔrɔ in sɛbɛnni kɔnɔ fo a jɛlen don ko kɔlɔsilikɛla tun tɛ se ka ban ka shaman ka walew kɔrɔ lakika kɔlɔsi walasa ka yɔrɔ “dantigɛ” walasa ka se ka sɔrɔ bana in bɔ, ani barika kɔrɔ taamasyɛn, o min ye M. Eliade y’o sɛbɛn ni hakililata ye[8]. Ka da nin sɛbɛn in kan, a ka gɛlɛn k’a fɔ ko ba tigɛ tun bɛ ni kɔrɔ gansan ye, walima ko o wale in tun bɛ tali kɛ furakɛli walima sigida dɔnniya la, nka, siga t’a la ko wale fila tɛmɛnen minnu kɛra shaman ye, k’a ta ka wajibiya somɔgɔw ka kan ka kɛ, in a ma dɔgɔya dɔrɔn, a kɛra sababu ye ka bana banakisɛ dɔ jɛnsɛn. A ma jɛya hali bi ni baji tigɛli jɛlen ye mɔgɔw ka bɔnɔgɔla waatiw la, o tun ye banakisɛw bɔli fɛɛrɛ ye, wa a tun bɛ se ka kɛ cogo min na, n’an y’a jira ko nin laada in bɛ bɔ Evenkiw ka laadala furakɛli dɔnniya la.
Nin shamanw ka laadalakow nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ furakɛli shamanw kɛcogo kalanni na (laada minnu bɛ tali kɛ banabagatɔ furakɛli la), bawo a bɛ tali kɛ shamanw ka walew ɲɛfɔliw la minnu bɛ daminɛ san kɛmɛ 18nan na ani minnu ka surun bi la . O wale suguw ɲɛfɔra Y. I. Lindenau fɛ Okhotsk kɔgɔjida Evenkw cɛma hakilijigin dɔ la min labɛnna san kelen saya kɔfɛ: J. I. Lindenau bɛ o laadalakow ɲɛfɔ nin cogo la: “San kelen kɔfɛ, u bɛ hakilijigin dɔ labɛn - Aktilirauw (daɲɛ tɛ kalan - A.B.) . U bɛ jiri tolilen dɔ ta, bawo a ka nɔgɔn, a bɛ se ka tigɛ, u bɛ bloki-kɛnɛ dɔ kɛ o la, min ka kan ka mɔgɔ salen jira. A bɛ fini don ka bila dilan kan, muso cɛ salen walima muso cɛ salen bɛ sunɔgɔ yɔrɔ min na. O kɔfɛ, sigiɲɔgɔn minnu bɛ bɔ sigiyɔrɔ wɛrɛw la, olu bɛ na ni dumuni ɲumanw ye. O yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la, wulu bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ, ka sogo tobi, ka o ni dumuni tɔw bɛɛ di bloki kuntigi ma. O kɔfɛ, shaman dɔ bɛ na ni dunun ye ka dɔnkili da daminɛ. A bɛ dumuni kelen-kelen bɛɛ ta ka na ni bloki kun ye a da la, ka sɔrɔ ka segin k’a ta k’a dun a yɛrɛ ye, ka pipe sisi ka sisi fiyɛ bloki kun na. O kɔfɛ, bɛɛ bɛ daminɛ ka dumuni kɛ ka dumuni kɛ fɛn o fɛn na min bɛ magan na. Dumuni kɛlen kɔfɛ, shaman bɛ dɔnkilida daminɛ tugun, a laban na, u bɛ na ni kɔnɔbara ye a ye, mɔgɔ minnu bɛ yen, olu bɛɛ bɛ tɛmɛn o kɔnɔ. O kɔfɛ, shaman b’a tigɛ ni daɲɛw ye minnu ɲɛsinnen bɛ bloki kuntigi ma: Asillahujiatept Oekelmuntschanra, nowirackel, oekelnowira Mutschanadi, hutalningira. Irisikan na, o kɔrɔ ye ko: “A bɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn filɛ, a bɛ se, aw kana segin, aw kana an ka kungo tiɲɛ ani aw kana kojugu si kɛ aw denw na!”
Ni shaman y’o fɔ, o tuma na fɛ, finiw bɛ tigɛ ka bɔ bloki kun na, mɔgɔ b’a ta, k’a bɔ sigiyɔrɔ la k’a dulon jiri la walima k’a fili i n’a fɔ nafa tɛ min na. O kɔfɛ, mɔgɔ salen tɛ wasa fewu hakilijigin furakɛli la” [9]. An bɛ nin laada in sɛbɛnni kalan nin cogo la: Ɛsilɛ (=ekellu) kojetmɛti, ɛkel mukunra, nejiri ɛkel, ɛkɛli nejiri mukunda, hutel ningira. Sɛbɛn kalanlen bamanankan na, o ye nin ye: “Aw kana ɲɔgɔn filɛ, aw kana segin, aw kana segin tugun, aw kana segin tugun, denmisɛnw bɛ lafili”[10]. O laadalakow ɲɔgɔn, min bɛ se, ka kɛɲɛ n’a kɛbagaw ka miiriya ye, ka bɔ bana jugu dɔ la, o tun bɛ Chukchiw cɛma: mɔgɔw tɛmɛni laada min bɛ kɛ jirisunba dɔ jukɔrɔ min dilannen don ni berew ye, wulu kɔnɔbara bɛ min kan dulonna, fo ka se san 30 labanw ma, a maralen tun bɛ Chukchiw fɛ Anadyr mara la Chukotka, k’a kɛ banakisɛw lakanani fɛɛrɛ ye (sɛbɛnnikɛla ka foro kɔnɔ kunnafoniw: kumaɲɔgɔnya kɛra Ivtek Unukovich Berezkin fɛ, min bangera san 1929, Vazha tundra dugutigi) . O laada kelen in mankanw fana maralen bɛ Sanfɛ Kolima Yukaghirw ka laadalakow la: shaman dɔ, n’o ye muso kɔrɔba dɔ lafili-bana hakili ka don so kɔnɔ, a b’a siri wulu banakɔtaa la musokɔrɔba, bana hakili tɛ se ka bɔ so kɔnɔ, o kɔfɛ mɔgɔw bɛ bɔ nin yɔrɔ in na fo abada[11].
"Tobolsk gofɛrɛnaman ɲɛfɔli" minɛnw sɛbɛnbaga ye ja dɔ di an ma min bɛ se ka kɛ Evenk ka shaman ka walew n'a ka walew ye. Sanfɛ, an ye shaman ka dɛmɛ kɔlɔsi kaban jiginni waati ani shaman ka kisicogo fɛɛrɛw ka bɔ bana jugumanba dɔ la. “Ɲɛfɔli ...” kɔnɔfɛnw fana bɛ Evenki shaman ka walew ɲɛfɔli sɔrɔ minnu ɲɛsinnen bɛ siniko fɔlenw ma - Evenki ni Even shamanw ka taa yɔrɔ min bɛ kɛ tuma bɛɛ, ka fara Worodugu-kɔrɔnfɛla jamanaw ka shamanw kan. A kɛlen ka kuma Evenkw ka dannayakow kan, a y’a jira ko Evenkiw “bɛ ni shamanw ye minnu bɛ bonya u fɛ sarakalasebagaw nɔ na ani u bɛ fɔ ka kɔrɔ, o min bɛ se ka kɛ tuma caman na u bolo, minnu bɛ setigiyaba la n’u ye. Bari ko kirayakuma minnu bɛ Kɛ, olu damadɔ bɛ Lajɛ ka Kɛ chum kelen ye, tasuma bɛ Labɔ yɔrɔ min na cɛmancɛ la. Bɛɛ bɛna sigi k’u senw siri u jukɔrɔ, ka u biri, ka tasuma lajɛ. Ka fara o kan, u bɛ dɔnkili da ani ka dunun gosi. Dɔɔni o kɔ fɛ, shaman bɛ wuli ka daminɛ ka pan sanfɛ kosɛbɛ tasuma kɛrɛfɛ cogo caman na, ka sɔrɔ ka segin-ka-bɔnye kɛ ka kelen in fili tasuma na, dɔw bɛ taa duguma. U tɛ ye waati kunkurunnin kɔnɔ, nka kan kelen dɔrɔn de bɛ mɛn sigibagaw fɛ, wa u bɛ bɔ jama la tugun. Wa o kɔfɛ, a doni bɛ nɛgɛdaga dulonnenw ni doodlew la, banajugu bɛ pan ka bɔ ni simini ye san fɛ, ka lafiɲɛ kɔfɛ nbɛda la, a bɛ don ni o simini walima da kelen ye. Sɛgɛn, girinya, n’u dalen bɛ duguma, o bɛ lafiɲɛ i n’a fɔ a bɛ sɛgɛn, wa, u hakili sera u hakili la, u bɛ dɔnkili da daminɛ k’u somɔgɔw salenw wele, minnu tun ye o jatigɛwale suguw ye fɔlɔ. Wa o kɔfɛ, a bɛ min ye ani a ye min mɛn, u kelen-kelen bɛɛ ani u bɛɛ tun bɛ miiri min na, a bɛ o fɔ sigibagaw ye ”[12].
Nin ɲɛfɔli in kɔnɔ, ka fara o laadalafɛnw kan minnu bɛ ni shamanw ka laadalakow ye walasa ka siniko fɔ, minnu kɔnɔ, shamanw ka siniko yeli jiracogo sɛbɛnni bɛ sɔrɔ[13], laadalakow fan yelen gansan ye, min tɛ foli ɲɛfɔliw kɔnɔ , nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ (o bɛ faamuya : foli sɛbɛnw tun ɲɛsinnen bɛ mɔgɔ minnu ma minnu tun bɛ shamanw ka wale dɔn kosɛbɛ kaban, n’o ye ka siniko fɔ.A kɔlɔsira ko n’a bɛ laadalakow kɛ minnu kun ye ka siniko fɔ, shaman bɛ se ka taa sanfɛla diɲɛ (i n’a fɔ ka pan ka bɔ sisi dingɛ kɔnɔ), walima ka taa duguma diɲɛ (“a tɔw bɛ taa duguma.”) Cikan min b’a jira ko shaman bɛ se k’a yɛrɛ fili tasuma na, a jɛlen don ko o fana bɛ tali kɛ a la ko shaman bɛ min ɲini ka siniɲɛsigi « ye » sanfɛla diɲɛ kɔnɔ : yan « Ɲɛfɔli ... » sɛbɛnbaga kɔlɔsibaga, a bɛ iko, waati kelenpe de la, shamanw ka walew kɔlɔsili waati bɛɛ la, a kɛra shamanw ka hipnose ka bɔnɛ ye. so-bɔnɛ dagalen ni tasuma bɛ jeni a cɛmancɛ la - o fɔlen bɛ siniko fɔli laada ɲɛfɔli la min bɛ jateminɛ na, ka fara ɲɛfɔli tilayɔrɔ kan min jateminɛna fɔlɔ, ani o fɔra yɔrɔ min na shaman, ni a bɛ kumaɲɔgɔnya kɛ ni dɛmɛbaga hakiliw ye, "a bɛ pan ka tasuma lamini." A jɛlen don kosɛbɛ ko sigiyɔrɔ in yɔrɔ datugulen, dibi tilancɛ fila bɛɛ, filɛlikɛlaw bilala yɔrɔ min na - mɔgɔ minnu nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ shamanw ka laadalakow la (a bɛ iko shamanw ka walew bɛnnenw ni filɛlikɛlaw tɛ, olu tɛ se ka kɛ sariya siratigɛ la, bawo shamanw ka wale bɛ wuli ka kɛ jatɔya ye ni filɛlikɛlaw tɛ ), ani tasuma yeelenba min bɛ "yɔrɔ" ni ɲɛnajɛla-shaman kunba yeelen, olu ye laadalakow la, u ye fɛɛrɛ ye min bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka hakilijagabɔ walima hipnotic-like nɔ dɔ Dabɔ kɔlɔsilikɛlaw la, min ni sangaso yeelen bɛ min Dabɔ, o bɛ tali Kɛ ɲɔgɔn na lamɛnnikɛlaw la bi ɲɛnajɛso dɔ kɔnɔ. Shaman ka fini cogoyaw ta fan fɛ, "blanks" sɔrɔli a kan, n'o ye shaman dɛmɛbaga hakiliw jaw ye, o bɛ mɔgɔw hakili sama yan. Ni "Ɲɛfɔli" yɔrɔ jateminɛlenw fɔlɔ la, sa jaw bɔra i n'a fɔ shaman ka fini dɔ, o tuma na nin sɛbɛn in kɔnɔ, shaman ka hakili-dɛmɛbagaw bɛ ni hadamaden-cogo ye. A jɛlen don ko Evenkw cɛma, shamanw ka hakili-dɛmɛbagaw tun bɛ ni hadamaden ni fɛnɲɛnamaw cogoya bɛɛ ye; o kelen de bɛ kɛ Evenw cɛma, nka, o kɔfɛtaw cɛma, jaw cogo la shamanw ka finiw kan ani shamanw ka jogo wɛrɛw, hadamadenw cogoyaw de ka ca, u tɛ kelen ye u ka finiw waati cogoya n’u siya la. Fɛn min ye jogo ye, o ye somɔgɔw salenw weleli ye shaman fɛ, a jɛlen don ko olu fana tun bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ shaman dɛmɛbagaw, ani kuma min fɔra ko « minnu tun ye o shaman suguw ye fɔlɔ », a jɛlen don ko o bɛ se ka kɛ dalilu ye min b’a jira ko shaman min bɛ shamanw ka baara la, o ye dɛmɛ ɲini ka bɔ a fɛ o somɔgɔw salenw minnu tun bɛ ni shamani nilifɛn ye fo ka se a dan na.
Shaman ka panni minnu kɛra laadalakow senfɛ, n’o y’a to a bɛ se ka bɔ fanibugu kɔnɔ sisi dingɛ fɛ, yan, an bɛ se ka jateminɛ kɛ cogo min na, wa hali n’a kɛra kabako ye bi ɲininikɛla dɔ fɛ cogo o cogo, an ka kan ka da a jiracogo la kosɛbɛ. Ka bɔ siyako ni laadalakow la, an b’a dɔn ko kɛlɛcɛ ka seko wajibiyalen dɔ Tunguw (Evens ni Evenks) ani Worodugu-Kɔrɔnfɛla jamanaw cɛma, o tun ye se ka pan ka bɔ sigiyɔrɔ la ka wuli ka tɛmɛ sisi dingɛ fɛ ]. Kumasen "halkamchali melun" chin" - "a panna ka bɔ sigiyɔrɔ sanfɛla da la, min na dɛmɛn berew-halkamcha cross" bɛ sɔrɔ kosɛbɛ Okhotsk kɔgɔjida Evens ka maanaw ni nsiirinw na. O cogo la, yan, Evenks ka shamani laadalakow la, kunnafoni dɔ bɛ sɔrɔ min bɛ kɛ prosaique ye pewu, min ɲɛsinnen bɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛw ni sɔrɔdasikow kɛcogo ma, wa a tɛ kabako nafolo ye cogo si la min ye kɔlɔsilikɛla ka fɛn dilannen ye walima a yɛrɛ nanbara ye.
I n’a fɔ tariku ni siyako sɔrɔyɔrɔ, “Tobolsk masakɛ kɔrɔ ɲɛfɔli” bɛ bɔ kɛnɛ kan san kɛmɛ 18nan sɛbɛn suguya wɛrɛw cɛma, kunnafoniw bɛ minnu kɔnɔ Sibiri jamanaw ka hakilimaya laadalakow kan, wa a bɛ tali kɛ u la kosɛbɛ kunnafoni hakɛ n’a dannaya siratigɛ la . O ɲɔgɔnna sɔrɔyɔrɔ - "Irkutsk gofɛrɛnaman ɲɛfɔli", min lajɛlen don san 1792 ani fana min bɔra kɔsa in na dɔrɔn, kunnafoni ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ Evenkiw ni Siberi jamana wɛrɛw ka shamanism kan, wa a ka cikan dɔw bɛ kuma jamana wɛrɛw kan ka tɛmɛ a jiralen kan nin kɔnɔ sɛbɛn. O la, a b’a fɔ ko: “Koryakw fana bɛ tile ni kalo bato ni bonyaba ye, wa ka fara o kan, boli nɔ na, hadamaden kolow sirilen bɛ u la ni sagaw fari ye” Laada min bɛ kɛ ka shaman salenw kolo mara, o min kofɔlen bɛ yan, o ye Yukaghirw dɔrɔn de ka jogo ye. Siya tɔgɔ "Koryaks" baaracogo yan, o ye fili ye ka jɛya, wa a sinsinnen bɛ a kɔnɔna cogoya kan. Chukchikan na, ak "oraki, ak" oraki-lyn kɔrɔ ye "saga tɛ min na, saga tɛ", nin daɲɛ in bɛ tali kɛ siya o siya la min ka lasigidenw tɛ wuluw baganmaralaw ye, wa a tun bɛ fɔ fɔlɔ ka ɲɛsin Primorsky Chukchi ma, ani kɔfɛ - ka ɲɛsin Primorsky Koryaks sigilenw ma . I.K. Kirilov tun bɛ san kɛmɛ 18nan cɛmancɛ la kaban, a tun b’a dɔn ko laadalakow ɲɛfɔlen in tun bɛ Yukaghirw ka ko kɛlenw ye: “[16]. Tɛmɛsira wɛrɛ min bɛ “Irkutsk Viceroyalty ɲɛfɔli” kɔnɔ, o b’a fɔ ko Tungus (Evenks) cɛma “Bolo kɔrɔw tɔgɔ Rakmya, Zhigindor, walima Digaredo, Gukellis, Allarai, Gunaraya, o tɔgɔ ma ban fo ka na se bi ma” Ni an y'a jateminɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni ko kɛlenw ye, nin "Ɲɛfɔli" in labɛnbaga ye daɲɛ dilenw ta tɔgɔw kama minnu bɛ tali kɛ Evenks ka kafiri dannayakow la. Nka, a jɛlen don kosɛbɛ ko yan, kɔlɔsilikɛla ye fili kɛ ala tɔgɔw la - « boli kɔrɔw » walima shaman dɔn dɔ kulekan, walima, min bɛ se ka kɛ daɲɛ damadɔ ye, Evenk sɛrɛkili ka dɔnkilida daɲɛw dɔn kɛ "Ekhorye".
Kunnafoni minnu bɛ Evenki shamanism kan minnu bɛ Tobolsk mara ɲɛfɔli kɔnɔ, olu bɛ nin sɔrɔyɔrɔ in faranfasi ka bɔ fɛn wɛrɛw la minnu bɛ Sibiri jamanaw ka siyako kan san kɛmɛ 18nan na, i n’a fɔ sɛbɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen, min ni tiɲɛ yɔrɔ fana bɛ hakilina jira kɔlɔsilikɛla ka. A tɛ i n’a fɔ a ka waati taamakɛla caman ni dɔnnikɛla caman, “Tobolsk gɔfɛrɛnaman ɲɛfɔli” min labɛnna, o sera ka Evenki shamanw ka laadalakow kɛcogo ɲɛnajɛ ni ɲɛnajɛko yɔrɔ jateminɛ ka ɲɛ, o min tora ka bɔ jamanaw ka laadalakow ɲininikɛlaw ɲɛ na Sibiri jamana na kabini waati jan kosɛbɛ. Nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ kunnafoniw na minnu b’a jira ko shamanw ka manipulew bɛ se ka sinsin shaman yɛrɛ ka nafolomafɛnw nafa kan, o min bɛ nin sɛbɛn in gɛrɛ S.P. Krasheninnikov ka kɔlɔsili fɔlɔw la Kamchatka jamanaw ka shamanw kɛcogo kan: [Koryak - A.B.] shaman min tɔgɔ ye ko Karymlyach, min sigida kafiriw dɔrɔn tɛ, nka Kozakaw fana bɛ bonya da u kan i n’a fɔ dɔnnikɛla ŋana, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, bawo a b’a yɛrɛ sɔgɔ ni muru ye a kɔnɔbara la, k’a joli min: nka, nin bɛɛ tun ye nanbara jugu dɔrɔn de ye, mɔgɔ o mɔgɔ tun bɛ se k’a kɔlɔsi, ni o tun bɛ yen tun ye mɔgɔ o mɔgɔ ye minnu tun ma fiyen dannakow fɛ. A daminɛ na, a ye dunun gosi waati dɔ kɔnɔ a gɛnɛgɛnɛw kan, o kɔfɛ, a y’a yɛrɛ sɔgɔ a kɔnɔbara la ni muru ye, ka joli sama ka bɔ joginda la n’a bolo ye, o min tun tɛ yen: a laban na, a ye joli kuuru bɛɛ sama ka bɔ a ka wuluwulu jukɔrɔ, k'a dun k'a bolokɔnincininw sɔgɔ. O waati kelen na, n ye ŋɛɲɛ kɛ kosɛbɛ ko a t’a ka jago dɔn kosɛbɛ fo a ma bɛn an ka Tashenspielers ma hali lakɔli la . A y’a kɛ i n’a fɔ a y’a yɛrɛ sɔgɔ ni muru min ye, o y’a kɔnɔbara jigin ka jigin, ka joli bɔ sugunɛ na, o min tun bɛ a disi jukɔrɔ. Min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ nin sɔrɔyɔrɔ in na, o ye shamanw ka laadalakow ɲɛfɔli ye walasa ka wuluwulu bɔ a la, min kɔrɔ taamasiyɛnko kɛra faamuyali ye "Ɲɛfɔli ..." sɛbɛnbaga fɛ fo a sera k'o fɔ a ka sɛbɛn kɔnɔ, ka fara shamanw ka laadalakow dɔw kan minnu bɛ sinsin "tiyatiri" cogoya kan. Ni an bɛ kuma « Tobolsk gofɛrɛnaman ɲɛfɔli » yɔrɔw kan, a ka kan fana k’a kɔlɔsi ko Evenkw ni Sibiri jamana wɛrɛw ka shamanw ka laadalakow suguya dɔw la dɔgɔmannin tun bɛ wajibiya ka lajɛbagaw ka kɛ yen n’u ka ɲɛnajɛ kɛ k’a sɔrɔ nafa tɛ o la mɔgɔ minnu tun bɛ kɛnɛ kan, a jɛlen don ko olu hakɛ tun tɛ foyi ɲɛ.
"Tobolsk gofɛrɛnaman ɲɛfɔli" sɛbɛn kalanni, min kɛra sababu nafamaba ye Sibiri Tlebi jamanaw ka siyako kan, ka fara sɛbɛn wɛrɛw kan minnu bɛ se ka sen don ɲininiw na Siberi shamanism kan, o b’a jira an na ka jɛya ko fɛn fɔlɔ minnu bɛ Worodugu, Sibiri ani Kɔrɔnfɛla jamanaw ka tariku n’u ka laadalakow kan, minnu ɲɛsinnen bɛ san kɛmɛ XVIII-XIX ma, olu ma sɛgɛsɛgɛ fɔlɔ dɔrɔn, nka hali u yɔrɔ ka jan u ka ban. Sɔrɔli lakikaw bɛ Se ka Kɛ hali bì o yɔrɔ la hali bi.
Kunnafoni :
A. A. Burykin ye
Tungus (Evenki) ka Shamanism Risi Kɔlɔsilikɛlaw ɲɛ na san kɛmɛ XVIIInan na.
Sɛbɛn in kunba ye Tungus (Evenki) ka shamanism ye i n’a fɔ a ɲɛfɔra cogo min na Risi Kɔlɔsilikɛlaw fɛ san kɛmɛda XVIIInan kɔnɔ. Sɛbɛn in sinsinnen bɛ san kɛmɛ XVIIInan sɛbɛnw kan, a bɛ ɲɛfɔli caman kɛ Sibiri jamana danfaralenw kan minnu bɔra kɔsa in na dɔrɔn, wa hali bi u ma waleɲumandɔn i n’a fɔ kunnafoni sɔrɔyɔrɔ nafama ye Worodugu yɔrɔjan jamanaw ka tariku n’u ka laadalakow kan ani Siberi jamana na. Sɛbɛnw yɔrɔ minnu sɛgɛsɛgɛra papiye kɔnɔ, olu ja bɛ sɔrɔ shaman ka fini n’a kɔnɔfɛnw ja, ani sone shamanistic rites, olu dɔw ye shaman ka dɛmɛ ye muso ma jiginni waati, shaman ka baara walasa ka bɔ banakisɛ in na, ani laada min laɲini ye ka Siniɲɛsigi labɛn. Ka fara shamanw ka wale ɲɛfɔliw kan sɛbɛn minnu bɛ deing sɛgɛsɛgɛ sɛbɛn kɔnɔ, olu bɛ kunnafoniw di an ma minnu ɲɛsinnen bɛ kɔlɔsilikɛla ka miiriya ma ani sɛbɛnnikɛla yɛrɛ ka faamuyali ma shamanw ka walew kan. Fɛn min ka bon kosɛbɛ sɛbɛn in vfntrials kɔnɔ, o ye drama yelen yɔrɔ ye Evenki Shamanw ka laadalakow la min kɔlɔsira ani min faamuyara ka ɲɛ kɔlɔsilikɛla fɛ min ye ɲɛnamaya kɛ a san 200 ye nin ye.
Kɔlɔsili :
Lindenau Ya, I ye. Sibiri jamanaw ɲɛfɔli (san kɛmɛda 18nan tilancɛ fɔlɔ). Magadan, san 1983. Bamako, Mali.
Burykin A. A. Tunguska shamanic spells of the 18th century in the notes of Ya. I. Lindenau // Siberi ni Ameriki Woroduguyanfan ka laadalakow kɔrɔw cɛsiraw ka sigida kalanw. Gɛlɛya. 5. Sɛnt Pɛriburugu, san 1997, ɲɛ 129–135, 139.
Tobolsk gofɛrɛnaman ka ɲɛfɔli. Novosibirsk, san 1982, san 1982.
Tobolsk gofɛrɛnaman ka ɲɛfɔli. P.239.
Yen. S. 226 ye.
Yen. Ɲɛ 225-226.
Yen. Ɲɛ 226-227.
Eliade M. Senuman ani diɲɛnatigɛ. Moskow, san 1994, ɲɛ 24–27, ɲɛ 112–115.
Lindenau Ya. I. Sibiri jamanaw ka ɲɛfɔli. S. 91 ye.
Burykin A. A. Tunguska ka shamanw ka siginidenw ka san kɛmɛ 18nan ... S. 127–128.
Aw ye a lajɛ: Dugukolo Matigi. Kungo Yukagirs ka nsiirinw ni maanaw. Yakutsk, 1994. Ɲɛ 28. Ɲɛjirali dɔw.
Tobolsk gofɛrɛnaman ka ɲɛfɔli. ɲɛ 237-238.
Misali la, aw ye Kormushin I.V. Udykhey (Udege) ka kan lajɛ. M., 1998. S. 115-116, sɛbɛn N 7- "Mɔgɔ wolonwula". Shaman ka siniko fɔlen yɔrɔ fitinin dɔ fana bɛ sɔrɔ Even epic tales dɔ kɔnɔ (Lebedeva Zh.K. Epic monuments of the peoples of the Far North. Novosibirsk, 1982, p.103).
Aw ye lajɛ: Novikova K. A. Essays on dialects of the Even kan. Waleya, baarakɛcogo daɲɛw, sɛbɛnniw, daɲɛgafe. L., 1980. S. 133, 143. O kelen de bɛ gafe kɔnɔ: Hali nsiirinw, nsiirinw ani nsiirinw / Novikov K. A. Magadan fɛ, 1987. S. 102.
Irkutsk vicegerency ɲɛfɔli. Novosibirsk, san 1988, ɲɛ 155. Ɲɛjirali dɔw.
Kirilov I.K. Irisi jamana ka jamana falen. M., 1977. S. 296. Kalanjɛ ni sɛbɛnni: kalanjɛ ni sɛbɛnni gafew.
Irkutsk vicegerency ɲɛfɔli. 1792, ɲɛ 217nan na.
Krasheninnikov S.P. Kamchatka dugukolo ɲɛfɔli. T.2. SPb., 1755. S.158-159. Bamako, Mali.
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